Development of a Rapid Visual Survey Tool for Multi-Hazard Housing Safety of Non-Engineered Construction
摘要
More than 74% of the Philippines’ population is likely to experience the impacts of multiple natural hazards, highlighting the need to reduce multi-hazard risks. Most multi-hazard interventions, however, are focused on mapping the interplay of risks at a macro level such as municipal or district assessments. There has been less emphasis at the household level to structurally assess how households address housing safety to reduce multi-hazard risks in reconstruction after disasters. In low- and middle-income countries, housing reconstruction is often non-engineered and unaided by technical assistance. While tools to assess building structural safety generally exist, assessment instruments tailored to multi-hazard non-engineered construction are limited. This research developed a rapid visual survey tool for non-engineered construction to enable the analysis of multi-hazard housing safety assessment for the Philippines. We collated prescriptive guidelines for safe non-engineered housing together with post-disaster reconnaissance reports to identify considerations for assessing housing safety against typhoons and earthquakes – two of the most prominent hazards in the country. The developed tool accounts for the evaluation of housing features salient to withstand wind and seismic impacts, such as (i) building configuration, (ii) fenestrations, (iii) lateral resisting member, (iv) joints and connections, (v) foundations, (vi) materials, and (vii) construction quality. Being generic, the intention is that the tool can be adaptable to the different and hybrid housing typologies that emerge during reconstruction. We envision that the developed tool serves as a starting point to address structural challenges at the household level which are often missed in the broader disaster risk reduction interventions.