This chapter, titled "Basics and Knobology of Neuromusculoskeletal Ultrasound," serves as a fundamental introduction to the principles and technical aspects of neuromusculoskeletal (NMSK) ultrasound. It explores essential concepts of ultrasound physics, imaging modes, and the specific techniques needed to evaluate musculoskeletal and neurological structures. The chapter covers key ultrasound modes, including B-mode, color Doppler, and power Doppler, detailing their application in NMSK imaging. A significant emphasis is placed on the operation of ultrasound machines, often referred to as "knobology," which involves adjusting critical settings such as gain, depth, focus, and frequency to enhance image quality. The chapter also underscores the necessity of understanding the echogenicity of muscles, tendons, nerves, and joints to effectively identify various pathologies. Furthermore, it discusses common artifacts encountered in NMSK ultrasound, highlighting their potential impact on image interpretation and diagnostic accuracy. By providing a thorough guide to the mechanics, ultrasound modes, echogenicity, and artifacts associated with NMSK ultrasound, this chapter aims to equip both novice and experienced practitioners with the knowledge and skills essential for achieving precise diagnostic results.