During the long nineteenth century, European archaeologists played an active role in nation building. In Italy, their contributions covered three main areas: (1) they developed theories on the origin, settlement, and identity of the Italian nation; (2) they pursued a thorough musealization of prehistoric finds and monumentalizing of archaeological sites; (3) they undertook a zealous popularization of the archaeological past using the scientific methods available at the time. Because these activities were embedded in a broader environment permeated by a value system that emphasized patriotism and nationalism, they were integrated into a system of social and political practices. More precisely, they reinforced sociability practices influenced by patriotic organizations dedicated to sustaining a national movement and construct a new Italian identity. These organizations were made up of a network of a patriotic bourgeoisie, humanists, natural scientists, young sportsmen, and even women interested in the national values supported by discovering ancient Italy’s origins. This chapter deconstructs the role of prehistoric archeology in supporting national narratives within the context of a complex interplay of power relations, political agendas, and scientific communication strategies in late nineteenth-century Italy. The complex network established between the Italian Alpine Club (CAI), one of the most important patriotic associations in Italy (1861–1915), and prehistoric archaeologists is the basis of this historical analysis.