Creating Authority in South Asian Archaeology: Mortimer Wheeler, Stuart Piggott, and Archaeological Knowledge in India
摘要
Advances in archaeological knowledge are achieved through the sharing of facts and interpretations, especially through networks amongst scholars building on each other’s research. If past research is ignored, then it seems what comes after may be doomed to fail. Archaeologists Mortimer Wheeler and Stuart Piggott were both part of the Golden Generation that worked towards a professionalization of archaeological practice in Britain in the early decades of the twentieth century. Both also dabbled in the archaeology of South Asia just prior to the end of the Colonial State. This chapter explores the basis of Piggott’s and Wheeler’s shared view of how to practice archaeology, and how their approach and politicized interpretations were imposed onto Indian archaeology. They formed a network of two, trusting in each other and imbued with colonial power. Their ability to silence criticism stems from their belief that only the colonial power knows best, and that their way of excavation was superior. In the end, their interpretations were disproven, yet their influence on the development of excavation techniques today in the subcontinent is still given credit, when in fact, credit should be given to John Marshall and the indigenous archaeologists he trained.