Paul A. Cantor was a pioneer in literary criticism who used classical and modern economics to inform his analysis, and this chapter applies that approach to Leo Tolstoy’s War and Peace. Tolstoy states that War and Peace is not a novel nor even a historical chronicle. What, then, is it? We consider it a book about economics and, especially, methodological individualism. Infused in Tolstoy’s many stories is a social theory that critiques two ideas: first, that outcomes are determined only by the decisions of a few great men, not ordinary individuals, and second, that outcomes are determined by historical forces outside any individual’s control. Tolstoy instead makes the case that outcomes are determined by the choices and interactions of all individuals. His unstated normative conclusion is that all individuals can improve the world.