The conflict between prophetic action and avoiding conflict within and among member churches has been with the ecumenical movement from its beginnings in the early twentieth century. The question of Palestine has once again brought the churches to a confrontation with the question asked by Dietrich Bonhoeffer in the context of a similarly acute crisis: “What is the true church?” This chapter reviews the theological, sociological, and political issues confronting the global church in response to the Palestinian call for liberation from Israeli oppression. The chapter discusses the connection between the post-Holocaust project to atone for church anti-Judaism and what effectively became the embrace of the Zionist project on the part of Western Christianity. It describes the awakening of the church today to a status confessionis with respect to the Palestinian call, due in large part to the rise of kairos theology and the emergence of a global movement of solidarity with the Palestinian people. This movement places the Palestinian cause in the frame of liberation movements around the world, calling the church to a renewal of its core commitment to justice, equality, and human dignity