This chapter explores the intricate relationship between surfing and economics, highlighting how the seemingly simple act of riding a wave ends up impacting global economies, and the well-being of millions of participants. The chapter discusses the direct economic contributions of surfing through expenditure on gear, travel, and other related activities and how these fit with standard accounting frameworks, including the UN’s System of Environmental-Economic Accounting. The chapter also delves into environmental economics to assess surfing as a cultural ecosystem service, namely, for its nonmarket values, such as community well-being and cultural identity. An examination of prevailing rivalry and excludability among surfers illustrates how contested lineups mirror the famous “tragedy of the commons.” By reviewing some fundamental concepts through a practical surfing lens, this chapter provides insights for surfers and policymakers to better understand the potential of economics to inform integrated coastal management practices that balance economic outcomes with social and environmental sustainability.