Neurodegenerative diseases stand as the most prevalent pathological conditions, impacting millions of individuals and incurring substantial financial burdens annually, particularly within the India and United States. Despite significant advancements in therapeutic approaches aimed at managing the symptoms of these diseases, there remains a critical gap in developing treatments capable of effectively slowing, halting, or reversing neurodegeneration. Over recent decades, translational research has played a pivotal role in facilitating the development of novel diagnostic tools and potentially disease-modifying treatments for patients affected by Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). To offer insights into the ongoing therapeutic endeavors, we present a summary of translation research for investigating the neurological diseases and contemporary treatment strategies currently undergoing clinical trials for these prominent neurodegenerative ailments. In the current chapter, we have delved into the present landscape of AD and PD, encompassing their intricate pathologies, the development of mouse models to emulate these conditions, as well as the evolving therapeutic paradigms devised to combat these neurodegenerative disorders. Moreover, we have elucidated the pivotal role of computational tools in both understanding the mechanisms of these diseases and in guiding the design and evaluation of potential therapeutic interventions. Through this comprehensive analysis, we aim to provide a holistic perspective on the multifaceted approaches to mitigating the burden of these neurodegenerative diseases and disorders.