Images, sounds, patterns, data are stored permanently in long-term memory, cognitive memory. Parts of the brain involved with memory consist of neural networks. The general belief in neuroscience, accordingly, is that data, patterns, etc. are stored in neural networks of the brain in the form of “memory traces.” This is logical but very likely incorrect. The wiring of the neural networks is constantly changing, with neurons added in the young and neurons disappearing in the elderly. These changes would cause the networks’ output signals to become meaningless, unless the networks are constantly trained. Training patterns would be needed. Why would nature store patterns and data to keep training the networks in order to store patterns and data? “Catch 22.” The role played by the memory’s neural networks is retrieval, not storage.