The East Mediterranean is considered one of the most discussed tectonic zones on Earth. The long history of tectonic conflict makes it unique. It is a collision zone between Eurasia and Africa and has a global effect on Anatolia and Arabian plate. This zone has a variety of tectonic setting from subduction, collision, and volcanicity The current state conversion process between Africa and Eurasia lead to the subduction of the African lithosphere beneath the Eurasia. This results on several subduction slabs, that are uniformly subducted beneath the Cyprus and Anatolia. A lot of research is conducted with different aspects to study this active tectonic region. Seismic tomography is considered the most effective tool to study the subsurface structure, in particular the subducted slabs. In this chapter, we will give a review of the seismic tomography methods, in general, and exhibit the seismic tomography application on the Eastern Mediterranean region. Here, we will exhibit the most relevant studies, debates, and suggestions related to the tectonic complexity in this region as a way to improve our understand on the tectonic evolution in the Mediterranean and its effect on the mantle dynamics and volcanism in the area and the surrounding region.