Water is an essential and irreplaceable resource that sustains life and ecosystems on Earth. The availability and management of water resources are of primary concern in arid and semi-arid regions such as Libya because of their significant effects on various sectors, including agriculture, industry, domestic use, and the environment. This chapter introduces the book “Water Resources of Libya: Challenges and Management” and summarizes all the chapters presented in this book. The chapters of this book focus on a range of water resources management challenges in the country, such as water scarcity, quality management, infrastructure development and maintenance, governance and policy, climate change impacts and adaptation strategies, stakeholder engagement and collaboration, and sustainable use and conservation practices. These issues are thoroughly explored to provide readers with an in-depth understanding of the complexities and potential solutions to ensure appropriate management of water resources in the region. Each chapter provides insights into a different aspect of water management, covering nearly every part of preservation strategies to preserve water quality and ensure equitable distribution among users. In this book, experts and scientists share their expertise and experience in applying top-notch discoveries and suggestions to manage and improve the quality of water resources in Libya. The book aims to serve as a reliable source for academics, decision-makers, and anyone interested in using it to assess water resources and management in the country.