Efficient nitrogen (N) management is a cornerstone of modern agriculture, essential for balancing crop productivity and environmental sustainability. This chapter provides an overview of nitrogen dynamics, losses, and efficiency in agricultural systems. It examines various forms of nitrogen losses, including volatilization, leaching, runoff, and denitrification, which undermine agricultural productivity and pose environmental challenges. Strategies to enhance nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) are explored, encompassing technological innovations such as precision agriculture and agronomic practices such as conservation tillage. The broader implications of nitrogen management, including water quality deterioration, greenhouse gas emissions, and ecological balance, are addressed. Policy and regulatory measures related to nitrogen management are also discussed. The findings highlight the intricate interplay between nitrogen losses, NUE, and crop productivity, emphasizing the need for a holistic approach to nitrogen management in agriculture. In conclusion, the chapter underscores the importance of balanced nitrogen management practices to ensure both higher yields and environmental preservation for future generations.