Patients who present with low-trauma fractures, especially of the hip and vertebra, are at high risk for another fracture, progressive morbidity, and premature mortality. Despite this, these patients are not routinely assessed for an underlying diagnosis of osteoporosis, a skeletal disorder of compromised bone strength, or started on osteoporosis treatment to prevent subsequent fractures. While osteoporosis is usually diagnosed by a bone density scan with T-score of ≤−2.5 at the spine, total hip, or femoral neck, patients with low-trauma hip and vertebra fractures meet the criteria for osteoporosis regardless of bone mineral density. Those with low-trauma fractures of the proximal humerus, pelvis, and wrist also qualify for a diagnosis of osteoporosis if their bone mineral density is in the osteopenia range (T-score −1.1 to −2.4). There are several classes of effective osteoporosis medications, including bisphosphonates, denosumab, parathyroid hormone-based analogs, and romosozumab. The benefits of fracture reduction by these agents far outweigh the rare complications.