In the context of supply chains, facilities such as warehouses play a crucial and strategic role in achieving responsiveness and efficiency. Consequently, in recent years, several studies have aimed to enhance inventory management by transforming traditional methods into new approaches that yield superior results in terms of effectiveness, speed, and cost. Thus, the concept of Smart Warehouses has materialized, focusing on the incorporation of new technologies to automate processes. Computer vision (CV), as one of these recent and efficient technologies, stands out by providing a range of solutions to assist managers in data-driven decision-making. The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic literature review to elucidate how computer vision resources are being integrated into the context of Smart Warehouses. Additionally, the aim is to understand the key tasks and activities within warehouses that can be enhanced through this technology. With a comprehensive view of the possibilities for applying computer vision in inventory management, new research avenues can be proposed, contributing to the state-of-the-art and providing innovative solutions for managers.