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Chapter 3 lays bare two affirmative turns in three generations of the Frankfurt School, namely a liberal turn since the second and a postmodern turn since the third generation. Both turns are paraphrased as revisions of Critical Theory and claim to be ways out of the dead end of Adorno/Horkheimer’s defeatism. Yet, this alleged way out shifted the focus from an ideology-critical totality analysis of capitalism to a modernisation theory whose alienation from Marxism has been developing alongside the academic institutionalisation of the Frankfurt School in Germany since the 1980s. Still, the chapter also highlights that a radical branch of Critical Theory was continued next to its institutionalisation-cum-domestication mainly outside Frankfurt and especially with Marcuse as its point of departure.

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How to Domesticate Critical Theory in Three Steps: Two Affirmative Turns After One Defeatist Dead End

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Lukas Meisner

摘要

Chapter 3 lays bare two affirmative turns in three generations of the Frankfurt School, namely a liberal turn since the second and a postmodern turn since the third generation. Both turns are paraphrased as revisions of Critical Theory and claim to be ways out of the dead end of Adorno/Horkheimer’s defeatism. Yet, this alleged way out shifted the focus from an ideology-critical totality analysis of capitalism to a modernisation theory whose alienation from Marxism has been developing alongside the academic institutionalisation of the Frankfurt School in Germany since the 1980s. Still, the chapter also highlights that a radical branch of Critical Theory was continued next to its institutionalisation-cum-domestication mainly outside Frankfurt and especially with Marcuse as its point of departure.