This chapter explores the linguistic diversity of Nagaland and examines the various challenges, including linguistic and non-linguistic factors that field linguists encounter during documentation and fieldwork. Nagaland, the 26th largest state in India, spans 16,579 square kilometres and yet, the state is home to a remarkably high number of indigenous languages. According to the Census of India (2011), the state accommodates twenty-five major languages, along with several undocumented languages, making it a hub of linguistic diversity. The region’s complex cultural and geographical landscape, characterized by mountainous terrain, limited inter-village communication, and traditional practices such as headhunting, agricultural self-sufficiency, and reliance on indigenous medicinal herbs, further complicates linguistic documentation efforts. This chapter draws from firsthand experiences in linguistic data collection across Nagaland and other northeastern states, as well as extensive engagement with multiple indigenous language communities in Nagaland.