Romanticism in Germany around 1800 refers not only to literature, painting, and music, but equally to natural science, medicine, and life, under the influence of natural philosophy, especially of Schelling, and they are always mutually interrelated. One central physician is Johann Christian Reil with his comprehensive concept of medicine and psychotherapy, his classification of mental diseases, the complex causes and emphasis on physical-psychic therapeutical methods, communicative physician–patient relationship, and humane psychiatry for the welfare and dignity of the mentally ill person.