This chapter discusses some of the main issues of Herbart’s psychology and attempts to locate its place in the history of nineteenth century psychology. Herbart’s psychology was modern in applying mathematics to the mind and in eliminating faculty psychology. It was not so modern, however, in retaining the concept of the soul and in placing psychology under the category of metaphysics. The chapter therefore explains Herbart’s reasons for applying mathematics to the mind and for subsuming psychology under the rubric of metaphysics. The chapter concludes with a brief account of the inner workings of the mind in Herbart’s psychology and of the main problems with his psychology.