On the basis of all available textual witnesses, this chapter discusses crucial characteristics of Schleiermacher’s psychology and interprets it as a hermeneutic explication of the soul. Although Schleiermacher’s philosophical doctrine of the soul has not had a formative influence on modern scientific psychology, it is a unique testimony of the intensive preoccupation with the emerging discipline at the beginning of the nineteenth century. From originally philosophical and theological perspectives, Schleiermacher discusses the human soul in its highly dynamic processes and outlines a systematic scheme in which all mental activities can be integrated and explained. This chapter gives an overview of Schleiermacher’s lectures on psychology, which have a fundamental function in his own conceptual space.