In the article, within the framework of the “Smart City” concept, the task of meteorological monitoring for short-term forecasts for general use is solved using the synoptic method. The task is decomposed into subtasks of collecting, processing, analyzing and interpreting meteorological data. The purpose of the work is to observe and forecast weather and climate conditions in a certain area. To solve the task, a hardware and software complex (automated weather station system) was developed based on the Internet of Things technology, which is a distributed network of meteorological sensors. As an alternative way to solve the task of meteorological monitoring, small spacecraft were considered and compared with them. On the server side of the web application of the hardware and software complex, the Node.js platform with the Express framework is used, and the server interacts with the database via Object-Relational Mapping Sequelize. PostgreSQL is used as a database management system. Examples of the hardware and software complex operation are presented, and the results of the accuracy assessment of the forecasts predicted by the hardware and software complex based on weather monitoring in the Tosnensky District of the Leningrad Region are given. Rules have been developed in the hardware and software complex to ensure timely response to weather changes.