This chapter examines the complex connections between power and cartographic representations. Maps are not neutral representations of the world, but expressions of power relations that are effective both in their creation and in their use. The theoretical examination of power shows that it can be both restrictive and productive and is embedded in political systems, institutions and language. This is particularly evident in the political control over maps, from colonial cartography to military mapping and modern digital cartography. Critical cartography engages with these power structures and deconstructs the supposed objectivity of traditional maps by exposing their social construction and hegemonic interests. The semiotic analysis of maps makes it clear that power relations are not only anchored in symbolic meanings, but also in the structure and use of maps. Case studies—such as the representation of migration, the exertion of influence through media cartography or the military use of maps—illustrate how maps can function as tools of power. At the same time, examples such as the “Wheelmap” for accessibility or alternative map projects show that cartography can also be used as a means of inclusion and social participation. The chapter thus reflects on the ambivalent role of cartography between an instrument of power and a means of social emancipation.