The chapter discusses the principles and techniques of cartography, the process of selecting and representing information on maps, and the emergence of new digital mapping technologies. It outlines four key principles of cartography: the position principle, the diagram principle, the static principle, and the pictorial principle. It then examines the use of symbology, lettering, and diagrams in maps, highlighting the importance of readability, color schemes, and addressing the needs of individuals with color vision deficiencies. The process of generalization, which involves simplifying and selecting the most relevant information for a map, is also explored, including mathematical approaches and the automation of this process. The text further discusses the representation of dynamic, spatiotemporal information on maps and the emergence of new digital mapping technologies, such as interactive atlases, web GIS, augmented reality, and 3D cartography. Finally, the chapter emphasizes the need for research on the changing contexts of map creation and use, particularly the role of 'prosumers' who both consume and produce map content, and the importance of situational, practice-oriented research methodologies to understand these evolving mapping practices.