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This study conducts a cradle to gate life cycle assessment (LCALCA) to evaluate the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of three steelmakingSteelmaking processes: integrated or blast furnaceBlast furnace and basic oxygen furnace (BF-BOF), direct reduced iron electric arc furnace (DRI-EAF), and a biomassBiomass-based DRI-EAF route. The functional unit is one tonne of crude steel. Inputs such as raw materials, energyEnergy consumption, and GHG emissions are reported for each route. The analysis reveals that the biomassBiomass-integrated DRI-EAF route achieves the lowest GHG emissions, approximately 0.67 tonnes of CO2e per tonne of crude steel, compared to 0.78 tonne for the conventionalConventional DRI-EAF route and 2.04 tonne for the BF-BOF route. The significant reduction for biomassBiomass-integrated routes is primarily attributed to the substitution of coke with sustainably sourced biomassBiomass as a heating and a reducing agent. BiomassBiomass, when sourced responsibly, is carbon–neutral, further enhancing the environmental benefits of this route. The study also discusses the potential challenges associated with biomassBiomass adoption, including resource availability, economicEconomic feasibility, and the impact on steel quality.

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Greenhouse Gas Life Cycle Assessment of Traditional and Biomass-Integrated Steelmaking Routes

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Avash Kumar Saha,
  • Chunlin Chen,
  • Nawshad Haque,
  • Arup Kumar Mandal

摘要

This study conducts a cradle to gate life cycle assessment (LCALCA) to evaluate the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of three steelmakingSteelmaking processes: integrated or blast furnaceBlast furnace and basic oxygen furnace (BF-BOF), direct reduced iron electric arc furnace (DRI-EAF), and a biomassBiomass-based DRI-EAF route. The functional unit is one tonne of crude steel. Inputs such as raw materials, energyEnergy consumption, and GHG emissions are reported for each route. The analysis reveals that the biomassBiomass-integrated DRI-EAF route achieves the lowest GHG emissions, approximately 0.67 tonnes of CO2e per tonne of crude steel, compared to 0.78 tonne for the conventionalConventional DRI-EAF route and 2.04 tonne for the BF-BOF route. The significant reduction for biomassBiomass-integrated routes is primarily attributed to the substitution of coke with sustainably sourced biomassBiomass as a heating and a reducing agent. BiomassBiomass, when sourced responsibly, is carbon–neutral, further enhancing the environmental benefits of this route. The study also discusses the potential challenges associated with biomassBiomass adoption, including resource availability, economicEconomic feasibility, and the impact on steel quality.