The chapter analyses the post-Covid attempt made by the French government to rebuild the French automotive industry via electrification after twenty years of structural decline. It identifies the upmarket drift of new car sales in Europe and the associated process of relocation of small and compact car production towards low-wage countries integrated in the European Union from 2004, as the two main causes of structural decline. Past attempts made by different French governments to prevent the relocation process have failed because they did not address the upmarket drift and its consequences for the competitiveness of French Original Equipment Manufacturers. The current attempt to use a rapid transition to electromobility as an industrial policy tool to bring back automotive production to France has suffered so far from the same shortcomings. Nevertheless, the more generalised problems faced by electrification in Europe are now spurring a reorientation of both French and European policies towards the promotion of smaller, more affordable, and sustainable battery electric vehicles, opening up more favourable conditions for the French automotive sector. It remains to be seen though how far this reorientation will go and what type of commitment French OEMs are ready to make towards their domestic base in this new configuration.