Changing climatic conditions bring many problems in terms of agricultural production in terms of the loss of yield increment. For this reason, many studies are carried out to develop new plant varieties that can tolerate drought and have high adaptability to cultivation in arid conditions by using different plant breeding methods. The mutation breeding method emerges among the others as a method used in the creation of alternative variations in the limited gene pool, both in vitro and in vivo. When the IAEA mutant variety database is examined, it is seen that mutation breeding practices, which is one of the conventional breeding techniques in breeding studies for drought tolerance, come up with successful results in many plant species, including vegetable crops (especially tomato), as well. It is obvious that the studies to be carried out using mutation breeding in vegetable crops in order to create genetic variability with new biotechnological techniques by keeping up with changing world conditions are going to yield much faster and more target-based results. This chapter will discuss methodologies for induced mutation and biotechnological approaches in the breeding of vegetable crops for drought tolerance.