Civil engineers should strive to design reasonable parameters of civil structures following various codes, specifications, and requirements in pursuing better design schemes. In traditional procedures, designers could gradually obtain a good scheme through trial-and-error methods. However, there are always better alternatives than the current scheme generated by manual comparisons. Optimization theory, as a branch of mathematics, could be applied through computer programs to improve the defects of manual design. It aims to search for the best scheme determined by a series of variables satisfying some constraints. This chapter outlines the characteristics of optimization theory, puts forward the features and structures of alignment optimization models, proposes the idea of model solutions based on the differential evolution algorithm (DE), analyzes the limitations of the proposed alignment models, and proposes some improvement strategies.