Dermal retention is a crucial aspect of dermatological sciences, with significant implications for both therapeutic efficacy and safety. Understanding the mechanisms underlying dermal absorption is essential for optimizing drug delivery and minimizing potential adverse effects. This review begins with an introduction to introduce the need for dermal retention, highlighting its importance in enhancing localized treatment and improving drug efficacy. The pharmacokinetics of dermal absorption are then explored, detailing the processes by which substances penetrate the skin and enter systemic circulation. Key factors affecting dermal absorption, such as skin permeability, molecular size, and formulation characteristics, are examined to elucidate their roles in influencing drug uptake. Detection methods for quantifying active substances within the skin are discussed, including techniques such as tape stripping and microdialysis, which are pivotal for assessing dermal drug delivery and efficacy. Finally, strategies for reducing unwanted dermal absorption are reviewed, including the use of barrier enhancers and controlled-release formulations, aimed at mitigating potential risks and improving patient outcomes. This comprehensive overview provides insights into optimizing dermal delivery systems and advancing dermatological treatments.