Risk Assessment Analysis Related to Managed Aquifer Recharge (Rye Island Pilot Area, Slovakia)
摘要
Coming from the literature sources Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) is defined as the intentional infiltration of water into aquifers with the purpose of either later recovering that water for different purposes like agricultural, industrial, urban or obtaining an environmental benefit (Dillon et al. in Managed aquifer recharge: an introduction. National Water Commission, Canberra, 2009). It has replaced the term “artificial recharge” which maybe evoked something what seemed to be unnatural in the environment (Dillon in Hydrogeol J 13:313–316, 2005). There are different types of MAR methodologies and examples. Some of them were proposed or even already realized in frame of the DEEPWATER-Central Europe (CE) project. To increase long-term retention of water in aquifers and its subsequent use in drier or increased demand periods, MAR techniques were studied in 4 pilot areas in the DEEPWATER-CE project funded by the Interreg CENTRAL EUROPE program. Originating from transnational toolbox for designating potential MAR locations in Central Europe, the MAR pilot sites in the project participating countries were identified, namely in Hungary, Poland, Croatia and Slovakia. Slovak partner was designated to utilize the MAR methodology for agricultural purposes using as a source the surface water in channel system of the greatest lowland in Slovakia—the Rye Island (Žitný ostrov in Slovak language or Schüttinsel in German). The territory of the Rye Island is bordered by the Danube River from the West, the Váh River form the South-East and the Little Danube River from the North-East. The whole territory of the Rye Island is protected against flooding by flood protection dikes. To have the possibility to collect and dewater the surplus water from agricultural land after heavy rain or snowmelt the drainage channel system was built in the last century. The existing form was achieved in the second half of the century and it was completed after putting Gabčíkovo hydropower plant (GHPP) into operation in 1992 (Šoltész et al. in STU in Bratislava, p. 29, 2021). The main objective for the Slovak side in frame of the project was to induce infiltration from surface water body created by surface water in drainage channel system (sometimes ground water on the surface) into aquifer. The groundwater recharge using MAR techniques was realized using one of the former drainage system (SVII) in chosen territory of the upper Rye Island. More detailed explanation and description of the water management is presented in the introduction.