Understanding the patterns of air pollution levels and their trends is crucial for ensuring the desired level of air quality. Monitoring air pollution is essential for revealing these patterns. The need to organize air pollution control in areas of intensive anthropogenic impact is determined by preliminary experimental (over 1–2 years) and theoretical studies using mathematical and physical modeling methods. This approach allows evaluating the degree of air pollution by a particular pollutant in a city or any other settlement where stationary and mobile sources of harmful emissions operate. In the Astrakhan region, the industrial environmental monitoring network is widely represented in the Astrakhan Center for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring, as well as in Gazprom Dobycha Astrakhan LLC. The air pollution monitoring and control network is currently and will remain the only empirical tool for assessing the state of air pollution. The main tasks of the network are: Increasing the efficiency, quality, reliability, and accuracy of monitoring data; Introducing new methods of multi-component analysis of impurities in the atmosphere and exhaust gases; Achieving an optimal ratio of manual sampling and semi-automatic methods used in various cities and settlements, increasing the level of automation of measuring instruments; Establishing trends and causes of changes in air pollution levels.