Guidelines recommend endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) as the initial technique for mediastinal lymph node staging in lung cancer. However, EBUS-TBNA can be limited by insufficient tissue samples, which may restrict its diagnostic accuracy for certain mediastinal pathologies. Recently, endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial mediastinal cryobiopsy (EBUS-TBMCB) has been introduced as an alternative for mediastinal lymph node sampling. This technique offers advantages of obtaining larger tissue samples while maintaining a good safety profile. EBUS-TBMCB involves using an ultrasound bronchoscope to guide the procedure. A high-frequency needle-knife creates an access, after which a cryoprobe is inserted into the mediastinal lymph node for tissue sampling and subsequent diagnostic evaluation. Based on current research findings, EBUS-TBMCB is a safe and novel mediastinal biopsy technique that significantly enhances the diagnostic yield for mediastinal diseases and improves subsequent molecular diagnosis compared to EBUS-TBNA. EBUS-TBMCB is anticipated to complement EBUS-TBNA in future clinical practice.