Pyrethrum, derived from the Tanacetum cinerariaefolium plant, is a natural insecticide historically used against pests. Pyrethrins, extracted from pyrethrum, are modified to create pyrethroids, synthetic compounds with enhanced insecticidal properties. Pyrethroids are classified into type I (without alpha-cyano group) and type II (with alpha-cyano group), each exhibiting distinct toxicity profiles. Allethrin, the first synthetic pyrethroid, was developed in 1949. Subsequent modifications have led to over 30 commercially available pyrethroids, notable for their potency, stability, and low mammalian toxicity. Used in agriculture, household pest control, and disease vector management, pyrethroids pose minimal risk to human health under typical exposure conditions although larger exposures will cause symptoms. Treatment focuses primarily on decontamination and supportive symptomatic management.