Persons living in rural areas, especially farmers, farmworkers, and their families, are faced with various physical, biological, and chemical hazards as part of their job requirements or the environmental conditions where they live and play. Controlling/mitigating exposures to hazards in the workplace is vital to protecting workers and the environment. While there is a recommended hierarchy of control to reduce exposures, farmers and farmworkers must often rely on the proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE) as their first-line of defense due to conditions beyond their control such as the availability of less hazardous chemicals (which may be more expensive to purchase), modern equipment such as enclosed tractor cabs (which many farmers may not be able to purchase due to cost), and unpredictable weather conditions, which may require working prolonged hours to get crops harvested. Therefore, a working knowledge of the types of PPE available and recommended for the job being performed can allow the rural healthcare practitioner to advise their patients on ways to prevent on-the-job injuries and illnesses. In addition, federal agencies such as the Occupational and Safety Health Administration (OSHA), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) have rules and recommendations that must be followed to safely work with various chemicals such as pesticides or decrease exposure to common hazards on the farm such as loud noise levels. This chapter will discuss personal protective equipment for skin protection (clothing, gowns, and coveralls); eye protection (safety glasses, goggles, and face shields); respiratory protection (including various types of respirators and medical evaluation for their use); hearing protection (including ear plugs, ear muffs, and evaluation of hearing); and the proper cleaning and maintenance of this equipment.