This study explores the potential integration of Self-Directed Learning (SDL) principles into Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) practices within Greek Public Employment Services (PESs), managed by the Manpower Employment Organization (DYPA). A systematic literature review, following the PRISMA framework, investigates how SDL influences individual behaviour, communication, and organizational design. Key strategies identified include fostering supportive learning environments, promoting autonomy, continuous learning, and feedback mechanisms, which enhance employee engagement, skill development, motivation, and collaboration. Despite the study’s contributions to SHRM and adult education literature, limitations exist, including language barriers, publication bias, and the specific focus on the Greek public sector context. These findings offer valuable insights for improving organizational performance and employee well-being in similar public service settings.