This final chapter looks at the amazing progress in botanical classification over the past two millennia, emphasizing major changes that have taken place. One of the most important innovations was adoption of quantitative and precise methods of classification, which have now set a new standard that will likely always remain. Added to these developments have been new avenues to DNA data plus new algorithms for inferring relationships based on these data. The challenges that still lay before us include bringing more evolutionary data into phylogeny reconstructions and classification, plus learning about which parts (i.e., sequences) of the total genetic material are best suited for classification at different levels of the taxonomic hierarchy, and in which plant groups. The future awaits more innovation and deeper understanding.