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While European systems of classification were being developed, new systems also appeared in the USA and other countries. In the USA, Charles Bessey presented a simplified system of classification, buttressed by arguments (dicta) to explain his concepts of evolutionary directionality. He emphasized the connection between Bennettitales and Magnoliales (as had Hallier earlier), suggesting the latter as the most primitive group of angiosperms, in opposition to the idea of Amentiferae from Engler. Other systems were derived from Bessey’s, such as that of Schaffner and Rendle. From these beginnings came the modern systems of Cronquist, Takhtajan, Thorne, Dahlgren, etc., which are all discussed in some detail.

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Phylogenetic/Evolutionary Classification Systems. II. American and Other Influences

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Tod F. Stuessy

摘要

While European systems of classification were being developed, new systems also appeared in the USA and other countries. In the USA, Charles Bessey presented a simplified system of classification, buttressed by arguments (dicta) to explain his concepts of evolutionary directionality. He emphasized the connection between Bennettitales and Magnoliales (as had Hallier earlier), suggesting the latter as the most primitive group of angiosperms, in opposition to the idea of Amentiferae from Engler. Other systems were derived from Bessey’s, such as that of Schaffner and Rendle. From these beginnings came the modern systems of Cronquist, Takhtajan, Thorne, Dahlgren, etc., which are all discussed in some detail.