Retro-Ideals: Knights, Gentlemen, and Cursed Soldiers. Unhegemonic Polish Masculinity in the (De)Civilising Process
摘要
In this chapter, we undertake an analysis of the transformations of Polish masculinity in the context of Norbert Elias’s theory and broader socio-cultural changes in Poland. The historical and sociological analysis reveals that in Poland, a model of hegemonic masculinity specifically defined in a local way did not develop. This is primarily due to the fact that in the last few centuries, the Polish male has primarily been a “victim” of male dominance originating from other contexts (e.g., during the partitions or the communist regime). The systemic transformation initiated in 1989 did not bring significant change in this regard. Consequently, within the Polish context, among the popular models referred to by contemporary men are traditional patterns rooted in historical tradition.