Rural Masculinity in Poland: The Established, the Outsiders and the Rural–Urban Divide
摘要
This chapter considers rural masculinity in Poland through the lens of Eliasian established–outsiders figuration. I pose a thesis, that rural men are positioned as outsiders by the established (represented by urban men), who possess the most symbolic and material power. This intra-gender dynamic is analysed using the example of a political peasant movement “Samoobrona” and its leader, Andrzej Lepper. I see Samoobrona as a movement created chiefly by rural men to elevate rural masculinity from its underdog, outsider status, by attempting to break into the sphere dominated by the established (national politics) and distribute blame-gossip onto the established. Therefore, the outsiders are not wholly powerless; they take actions to change their group status.