In August 2023, something happened in Washington, DC, that sent shockwaves through anyone paying attention to the cannabis regulatory landscape. The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) representative sent a letter to the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) recommending that cannabis be removed from Schedule I under the CSA and reclassified as a Schedule III drug under the Act (Griffin et al., US health officials urge moving pot to lower-risk tier, 2023). The CSA defines Schedule I substances as those that have the highest potential for addiction and no accepted medical use. In contrast, Schedule III drugs have an accepted medical use and lower potential for physical and psychological dependence (U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, Drug scheduling, 2018). In May 2024, the DEA agreed to move forward with rescheduling, a move that acknowledges decades of scientific advancement and has implications for research and medicine. But how did we get here? This chapter provides an overview of cannabis regulatory history in the United States along with perspectives on the future of cannabis policy.