Cost Analysis of Electric Motorcycle and Conventional Motorcycle with Comparative Method: A Case in Indonesia

The road transport sector usually appears as one of the main sources of air pollution due to high energy intensity and the use of fossil fuels. Electric motorcycles (EV) are getting more attention because these motorcycles are environmentally friendly. The government and several social institutions are working on the development and prospective planning of a de-carbonization strategy oriented towards sustainable transportation. Increasing the use of alternative fuels is one of the iterative approaches to energy planning that will be used later. The acquisition of strong techno-economic data is still a challenge for energy planners, modelers, analysts and policy makers when building their prospective models to support the decision-making process. There are several things done by researchers in order to provide a good alternative for consumers. Converting conventional motorcycles (CVs) to electric motorcycles (EVs) is one of the promising options to reduce the negative environmental impact of motorcycles today. Situational factors such as economic factors, size and performance become very important for motorcycle buyers in their motorcycle choice. We explored the total cost of ownership (TCO) to investigate the possible differences between the costs incurred in using conventional motorcycles, conversion motorcycle, and electric motorcycles. We employed a comparative method to evaluate motorcycle types, focusing on fuel/power cost per km and maintenance costs. Using data from previous studies, the most cost-efficient motorcycle type is identified. We found that owning an electric motorcycle is more beneficial for the lower costs and government support for adoption and conversion, which future research could further highlight.