Interoperability Potentials for Electric Motorcycle to Support Adoption in ASEAN Market: A Comparative Study

Energy storage technology for electric motorcycles (EM) is an evolution towards clean and sustainable mobility. It plays a key role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, accelerate the energy transition, and reduce carbon emissions. Various policies have been implemented to have an impact on accelerating the development of the national EM ecosystem. Furthermore, ASEAN has declared support for the establishment of an integrated ecosystem for the development of electric vehicles in the region. Therefore, EM can be a transportation solution in the ASEAN market that is efficient, environmentally friendly, and requires lower operation and maintenance costs. However, the EM adoption experienced obstacles in the early stages of supply chain, namely in the transition process between technology development towards commercialization in the market. Hence, critical action is needed to accelerate technology commercialization. Interoperability can answer the challenge of EM adoption/diffusion in the ASEAN market because it allows EM batteries to be swapped and operated across brands. In addition, the interoperability of electric vehicle infrastructure is vital to create comfort and safety for users. This paper provides a comparative study of EM development in the ASEAN market, especially in Indonesia and Malaysia. One of the dimensions of interoperability, namely EM component and its parameters, is used to review EM developments. Based on the comparative study results, the potential for EM interoperability between Indonesia and Malaysia can be analyzed. Thus, opportunities for collaboration on smart-connected products in the ASEAN market can be explored to provide solutions for EM adoption and diffusion to accelerate technology commercialization.