The Mediterranean diet (MD), known for its global popularity, emphasizes fresh, high-quality plant-based foods. It is associated with a reduced risk of several noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). This diet also promotes sustainability by encouraging the consumption of seasonal produce and reducing food waste. A key feature of the Mediterranean diet is its reliance on soups (vegetable and legume based), easy to prepare, nutrient-rich and highly affordable. Soups also contribute to sustainability by utilizing agricultural by-products and reducing food waste. The consumption of soups, especially when part of the Mediterranean diet, offers numerous health benefits. These include antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, which can help manage certain health conditions in a sustainable manner. In this work, a bibliographical review will be carried out on this topic in order to highlight the importance of consuming soups related to the Mediterranean diet for human health and food sustainability. In this way, we hope to increase readers’ food literacy.