This chapter dominant discourses of globalisation and human rights for democracy and social justice, by discussing the relevance of cultural identities to democracy, human rights and social justice globally. Globalisation, in most developing countries is articulated in the form of neo-liberal finance-driven policy reforms, concerning accountability, efficiency and effectiveness. Their effect on education systems is likely to increase’ educational inequalities and access to quality education for all. Furthermore, a lack of emphasis on the relationship between policy, poverty and schooling, and the withdrawal of the state as a major provider in the field of education in many parts of the world raise serious human rights and ethical questions. The growth of global education policy hegemony, based on neo-liberal ideology, defining accountability, standards, quality assurance, and assessment, fails to respond to the changing and problematic relationships between the state, education and social justice in the global economy.