The Role of Molecular Techniques in Plankton Identification

This merely informative chapter discusses three powerful molecular techniques for plankton identification: DNA barcoding, metagenomics, and environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis. DNA barcoding involves sequencing a specific gene to identify species, even those indistinguishable under a microscope, and is useful for recognizing different life stages. Metagenomics, which sequences all DNA in a sample, provides a comprehensive view of species diversity and ecological functions within plankton communities. eDNA analysis detects plankton by analyzing genetic material in water samples, offering a non-invasive method for monitoring biodiversity. Together, these techniques are transforming plankton research by revealing hidden diversity, tracking ecosystem changes, and informing conservation efforts, although traditional taxonomists remain crucial for species identification.