Drug delivery is the process and techniques involved in transporting pharmaceutical substances to specific target sites within the body, facilitating their absorption and distribution to achieve the desired therapeutic effect. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) have emerged as promising biomaterials for next-generation drug delivery systems due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and tunable properties. This review explores recent biomedical breakthroughs in leveraging PHAs for advanced drug delivery applications. PHAs offer versatile platforms for the development of targeted, controlled release, and modulation of drug release kinetics and enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Innovative strategies developed with targeting ligands to improve the specificity, stability, and bioavailability of PHA-based drug carriers. Furthermore, the integration of PHAs with emerging technology, such as nanotechnology holds promise for the fabrication of personalized drug delivery devices with tailored properties. Utilizing polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) in drug delivery offers numerous advantages, including biocompatibility, the ability to tailor properties to specific needs, and environmental sustainability. PHAs are inherently biocompatible, meaning they are well-tolerated by the body, reducing the risk of adverse reactions. Moreover, their properties can be finely tuned to meet the requirements of various drug delivery applications, ensuring optimal performance. Future research directions and emerging applications of PHAs in drug delivery are discussed, highlighting their potential to revolutionize the field of biomedicine and improve patient outcomes.