Artificial intelligence (AI) has already had a profound impact on medicine and healthcare. However, an aura of impenetrability frequently accompanies AI, making it difficult for nonexperts to predict the impact of AI on a new field until it has already happened. Here, we review concepts fundamental to modern AI and examine how AI could impact arterial drug delivery, an approach that has recently received attention for potential in treating neurological diseases, to which AI has not yet been applied to the best of our knowledge. We discuss AI’s realized and potential impacts along the entire pipeline for bringing arterially delivered drugs to market, from preclinical research to delivering them. In parallel, we provide a primer on AI for clinicians to think about applications of AI to new fields, emphasizing the advantages, disadvantages, ethical concerns, and characteristics of problems amenable to progress with AI.