Here the field of bidimensional (2D) materials is introduced, with a particular focus on their applications in plasmonics and nanotechnology. This chapter outlines the key features of 2D materials such as high electron mobility, unique band structures, and their gapless plasmons, which enable strong interactions with electromagnetic waves across a wide frequency range. These properties make 2D materials suitable for applications in next-generation electronics, optoelectronics, and THz technology. We also discuss the significance of two-dimensional plasmonic instabilities, which offer promising avenues for developing efficient THz radiation sources, foreshadowing the remaining chapters. Additionally, the theoretical framework supporting the study of hydrodynamic behaviour in these materials is established, emphasizing the role of electrohydrodynamic phenomena and collective modes in 2D electron systems. This foundation sets the stage for subsequent chapters, where increasingly complex phenomena, such as nonlinear waves, topological effects, and modulational instabilities, are explored. Ultimately, the chapter presents an overview of the dissertation’s main contributions to the field of plasmonics, including new theoretical models and simulations that reveal the potential of 2D materials for advancing THz technology.