Energy Transition in the Brazilian Amazon: Empowering Communities Through Clean and Equitable Energy Access

This chapter examines the complex relationship between the right to energy access and energy justice in the Brazilian Amazon. It explores the intricate interdependencies of socio-economic, environmental, and cultural factors that shape the potential for renewable energy generation, distribution, and access in this ecologically rich and culturally diverse region, which is home to many indigenous peoples living in isolated territories. Focusing on the Lower Oiapoque river region, the study examines the challenges and opportunities these communities face in accessing renewable energy, and how such access can improve the daily lives of indigenous populations. This enhancement is reflected in the availability of essential household appliances powered by renewable energy sources, which facilitate basic needs and improve quality of life. These appliances include refrigerators for food preservation, lights for studying and working, and access to the internet, enabling communication, education, and economic opportunities. By addressing energy access, energy poverty, and justice, this chapter highlights the contradictions in this resource-rich region. Despite its abundant potential for generating renewable energy, such as hydropower, the Amazon’s inhabitants often suffer from limited energy access and energy poverty. This study emphasizes the need for integrated solutions that utilize local resources while promoting equity and sustainable development in the Amazon.