African violetAfrican violet (Saintpaulia ionanthaSaintpaulia ionantha) is used worldwide as an indoor plant because it is easy to propagate even in the shade and bears attractive flowersFlower . Originally, the genus Saintpaulia includes alpine plants distributed in the mountains of southern Kenya and East Africa. After its discovery, it was brought to Europe, where it became a cultivarCultivars through cross-breedingBreeding. The popularity of African violetAfrican violet as ornamental plantOrnamental plant has led to the production of thousands of cultivarsCultivars over the past 100 years. While cultivated varietiesVarieties have become abundant, the population of the wild speciesSpecies have declined, causing an important problem not only for the conservationConservation of genetic resourcesGenetic resources used in breedingBreeding but also for the conservationConservation of speciesSpecies diversityDiversity. This chapter presents information on the wild and cultivated speciesSpecies of African violetAfrican violet as well as the breedingBreeding methods that have been applied to the wild speciesSpecies and cultivarsCultivars. In particular, it introduces traditional breedingTraditional breeding, which has been used frequently in commercial practice and tissue cultureTissue culture applications, which have been widely reported in the scientific literature. In addition, genetic engineeringGenetic engineering using transgenicTransgenic plants, marker development by genome sequencingGenome sequencing, and new plant breedingPlant breeding technologies represented by genome editingGenome editing are briefly discussed as potential technologies to accelerate timeframe reduction towards future breedingBreeding goals.