The intricate world of edible mushrooms plays a pivotal role in ecological, economic, and cultural spheres globally. This chapter comprehensively examines threats, conservation efforts, and sustainable harvesting practices surrounding these fungal resources. Delving into the multifaceted dimensions of the topic, the study addresses environmental factors, human-induced pressures, and emerging challenges like climate change and invasive species. The exploration of sustainable harvesting practices uncovers a set of principles emphasizing regeneration, minimal environmental impact, cultural sensitivity, and adaptive management. As the ecological landscape faces unprecedented challenges, including habitat destruction and overexploitation, the need for informed conservation strategies becomes imperative. This chapter identifies emerging threats, emphasizing the urgency of adaptive management and collaborative efforts across disciplines. Sustainable harvesting, a cornerstone of responsible resource utilization, integrates principles that ensure ecological integrity, economic viability, and societal benefits. The discussion extends to future directions, advocating for technological integration, community-based conservation initiatives, and cross-sectoral collaboration. The future of edible mushroom ecosystems relies on proactive measures to address emerging threats and enhance sustainable practices. By leveraging technology for monitoring, engaging local communities in conservation, and fostering collaboration, stakeholders can contribute to resilient ecosystems and thriving communities. This abstract encapsulates a comprehensive exploration of threats and sustainable practices surrounding edible mushrooms, emphasizing the delicate balance required for coexistence.