Despite existing for centuries and being empirically documented, the diversity, ethnomycological value, conservation status, and threats of Ganoderma species have only recently gained recognition. In Africa, the historical uses of Ganoderma species as medicine, sources of income, and their sociological impacts, including their role in myth, culture, and spirituality, are under threat due to limited diversity and ethnomycology research in the region. The inadequate identification of Ganoderma species, primarily relying on macro- and microscopic morphological characteristics of basidiomes for species delineation in many developing nations, has hindered their utilization in folk medicines and mythological beliefs. Despite their historical significance and widespread use in traditional practices, the lack of accurate identification methods has limited their integration into modern pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. In West Africa, the underutilization and underexploration of Ganoderma species stem from various anthropogenic, ethnographic, and environmental factors. In West Africa, ethnomycological studies are limited in scope, especially as the taxonomy of Ganoderma species remains inconsistent. This chapter adopts an integrative approach to document the state-of-the-art knowledge and practices related to the diversity, ethnomycological value, conservation status, and challenges threatening Ganoderma species in Africa.